Common types of problem solving (1)

Common types of problem solving (1)

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Here’s a puzzle for you. Look at the matchsticks in the picture below.
How would you start trying to solve this puzzle? Here are some of the ways people go about solving problems.
TRIAL AND ERROR: Before Thomas Edison found that a carbonized thread would work as a filament in his light bulb, wholesale replica designer handbags, he tested hundreds of materials. Even animals use trial and error methods randomly, but skilled problem solvers use this technique in a methodical fashion. They start by ignoring possibilities that obviously won’t work. Edison, for example, didn’t waste time trying to use cooked spaghetti as a filament. As problem solvers eliminate each of the more likely possibilities, they are left with fewer and fewer places to look for the correct answer. Mechanics call this process “troubleshooting.” That’s a shorthand way of saying, “I’ve got a mental list of all the reasons why this machine usually breaks down. Now I’m going to check out each of them until I find out what went wrong this time.”
You can try trial and error when you tackle the matchstick puzzle. That means moving each matchstick to every possible position and evaluating the results. If you have enough patience this type of brute force approach will eventually yield a solution, wholesale designer handbags, but only if you’re alert to unexpected possibilities.
INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING: To reason means to reach a conclusion by systematically collecting data and thinking through a problem or situation. Inductive reasoning starts with specific cases and then looks for ways to discover a principle or make a generalization. Suppose, for example, that every time you see a horror movie you have trouble sleeping for the next few nights. Since you normally sleep like a log, you can reason inductively and make the generalization that watching horror movies interferes with your sleep. Similarly, a researcher might use inductive reasoning while testing the effects of overcrowding on rats. If the rats respond to overcrowding by developing signs of neurotic behavior, such as fighting and not caring for their young, the researcher can induce a principle: Overcrowding causes disturbed behavior in rats.
Deductive reasoning, by contrast, uses general principles to provide a prediction or insight into specific cases. You might deduce, example, that going to see a comedy will not interfere with your sleep because you’ve gone to funny movies many times before and never had any difficulty sleeping afterwards. In the same way, wholesale coach handbags, if a scientist has taught numerous pigeons perform a curtain trick, she can deduce that a new pigeon will learn to do that trick too if given the same training.

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